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The Basics of Cells.
Made by:
Liz Bostic
&
Tracy Brenner




Parts of the Cell

Eukaryote:
A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus.

Prokaryote:
A cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus.

Nucleus:
Control center or "brain" or the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER):
Membrane network involved with intracellular transportation.

Cytoskeleton:
The internal framework of a cell.

Golgi Apparatus:
An organelle that is responsible for the modification and transportation of proteins.

Mitochondria:
Organelle that contains enzymes responsible for producing energy.

Lysosome:
Responsible for intracellular digestion.

Vacuole:
A cavity in the cell that holds food, water or waste.

Cell Membrane:
The thin membrane covering the cytoplasm that regulates the transportation of substances in and out of the cell.

Chloroplast:
The organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plants.

Cytoplasm:
The "protein soup" that fills the cell.

Ribosomes:
Organelle on which proteins are made.

Cell Wall:
Structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support for the cell.
 Bacterial Cells

Bacterial cells are not parts of an organism but seperate ones themselves.They are prokaryotic and differ greatly from animal and plant cells.The DNA, or genetic material, is not in the nucleus.DNA is instead in the nucleoid (definition below)Bacterium also have a few organelles which are not listed above, such as:

Nucleoid:
Part of a bacterium that contains DNA and is extremely similar in function to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

Pili:
Hollow, hairlike structures made of protein that allow bacteria to attach to other cells.


Capsule:
A thick layer of polysaccaride that protects the cell.

Flagella:
a threadlike appendage sprouting from under the membrane on unicellular organisms that is used as the "motor" to navigate the cell through it's environment.









Animal & Plant Cells




As you can see the animal and plant cells are much different than bacterial cells. Whilst bacterial cells are prokaryotic animal and plant cells eukaryotic.Plant and animal cells also have their slight differences(I say slight because the differences between plant and animal cells are not as prominent as the ones between plant/animal and bacterium).There are three main ones...
  1. Plant cells have cell walls, animal cells do not.
  2. Plant cells are square, animal cells are round.
  3. Plant cells have chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), animal cells do not.
We hope you have enjoyed this page. We must give credit to Cellsalive.com (and many others) for the information on this page, and to Mrs Houck, the best biology teacher in the entire world!!!(I need this A+ that badly!!)("I" being Liz of course, since Tracy is the "Golden Child")<--- We would appreciate it if Mrs. Houck would ignore that little discourse.